FixScript Documentation

Version: 0.2
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FixScript is an extensible scripting language designed for simple implementation, efficient stack-based interpreter and strong support for both backward and forward compatibility.

The best results are obtained when combined with the C language to get a very powerful tool. This way you can use the best of the two worlds, using the language for the high-level stuff and C doing the interoperability and fast stuff while having a good integration between both languages.

Features

simple and efficient implementation
object-oriented by convention (avoids the overheads of inheritance in script languages and the more descriptive names of functions and fields make more clear what data structures are being manipulated in absence of static types)
available types: 32-bit integers, 32-bit floats (without denormals), (compressed) resizable arrays, unicode strings, shared arrays, hash tables, function references, and native handles
can also work with 64-bit (or more) integers and 64-bit floats using intrinsic functions
mark-and-sweep garbage collector
written in C as a single file and a header (approx. 375KB source file, 13kLOC, 200KB object code)
familiar C-like syntax with ability to create new syntaxes using token processors (macros)
minimal amount of built-in functions, suited well for embedded and portable usage
ability to speed-up specific functions written in FixScript by using optional native functions without sacrifying backward compatibility
licensed under ZLIB license (doesn't need any notices in binary distributions)
ability to return second value, primarilly to report errors, when the error value is not retrieved it fallbacks through functions similar to exception handling
designed for backward and forward compatibility of both the scripts and the host application, the language and built-in functions are fixed
designed to catch more errors at compile-time than is usual in script languages
friendly for static compilation (most operators work with a single type only)
integer overflow emits an error

Status

The first public release was released after 2 years of development and the language is currently in the Beta phase. This means that it's pretty much in it's final shape, but some (minor) incompatibilities can occur. Also some additions are still to be expected.

The plan is to use the language in real world usages for a longer time to catch some potential pitfalls before the final stabilization (many were already resolved). That will occur once the 1.0 version is reached. After that point, the language will be frozen forever, providing a super stable base to build on. The language is extensible in various ways so this doesn't limit possible improvements into the future.

After the 1.0 version, the language (including the built-in functions, serialization format, etc.) will be unchanged, however the implementation is expected to be improved over the time. Specifically the C API/ABI will remain backward compatible within major versions, adding new functions in minor versions, and no API/ABI changes in patch versions. It is expected that every major version will remain supported indefinitelly at basic level (bugfixes only).

An optimizing native compiler is also in development based on native codegen that was developed as part of a different project.

Examples

The base language looks like this:

const @PI = 3.141592654;

const {
    BASE_first,
    BASE_second,
    BASE_SIZE
};

const {
    SUBCLASS_third = BASE_SIZE,
    SUBCLASS_SIZE
};

function base_create(first, second)
{
    var base = object_create(BASE_SIZE);
    base->BASE_first = first;
    base->BASE_second = second;
    return base;
}

function subclass_create(first, second, third)
{
    var subclass = object_extend(base_create(first, second), SUBCLASS_SIZE);
    subclass->BASE_first = 0;
    subclass->SUBCLASS_third = third;
    return subclass;
}

function test()
{
    log({"the value of PI: ", PI});

    var array = [];
    for (var i=0; i<length(array); i++) {
        ...
    }

    var hash = {};
    for (var i=0; i<length(hash); i++) {
        var (k, v) = hash_entry(hash, i);
        ...
    }

    // float operators:
    return {float(1) + {2.0 * 3.0}};
}

However you can create libraries for extending the base syntax, for example the same code using the implementation of classes:

use "classes";

const @PI = 3.141592654;

class Base
{
    var first: Integer;
    var second: Integer;

    static function create(first: Integer, second: Integer): Base
    {
        var base = new Base;
        base.first = first;
        base.second = second;
        return base;
    }
}

class Subclass: Base
{
    var third: Float[];

    static function create(first: Integer, second: Integer, third: Float[]): Subclass
    {
        var subclass = new Subclass: Base::create(first, second);
        subclass.first = 0;
        subclass.third = third;
        return subclass;
    }
}

function test()
{
    log("the value of PI: " + PI);

    var array: Integer[] = [];
    for (var i=0; i<length(array); i++) {
        ...
    }

    var hash: Integer[String] = {};
    foreach (var k, v in hash) {
        ...
    }

    return 1 + 2.0 * 3.0;
}